The Current Global Surgical Care Paradigm -- The Global Surgical Burden of Disease: A Global Health Paradigm -- Surgically Avertable Deaths: A Silent Premise -- Defining Essential Surgical Conditions in LMICs -- Disparity of Surgical Service Provision in LMICs -- Disparities in Provisional Access to Surgical Instruments and Supplies in LMICs -- Surgical Interventions in Global Health: Social and Economic Implications -- Surgery: A Highly Cost-Effective Health Intervention -- The Economic Returns of Surgical Interventions -- Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures: A Perspective -- The Social Returns of Surgical Interventions -- Dimensional Printing and Rapid Prototyping: Implications for Global Health -- The Dawn of Disruptive Innovations and Frugal Engineering -- 3-Dimensional Printing: An Introduction to Rapid Device Prototyping and Fabrication -- The RepRap Rapid Prototyping Device and Fused Deposition Modeling -- 3-Dimensional Device Fabrication: Bio-Based Materials and Thermoplastics -- Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polymers in 3D Printing -- Polylactic-Acid: Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polymer Properties and Medical Device Applications -- Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Thermoplastics: Mechanical and Chemical Profile -- Chemical and Mechanical Profile Modification of Bio-Based Materials: Polymeric Blending and Natural Polymer Enhancement -- 3-Dimensional Printing of Medical Devices and Supplies -- The Current State of 3-Dimensional Printing: Fabrication of Medical Devices and Supplies -- Fabrication of High-Utility Integrative Surgical Toolkits -- 3-Dimensional Printing in the Surgical Field: Field Applications and Considerations -- 3-Dimensional Printing: Interventional Capacities in the Global Health Arena -- 3D Printed Instrument and Medical Supply Price Competencies -- Barriers to Entry and Adoption of Medical Device Innovations in LMICs -- 3D Printing: A Paradigm Shift in the Global Medical Device and Humanitarian Supply Chain -- 3D Printing: Global Open Source Blueprint and Information Dissemination -- The Future of Bio-Based Materials Development in Medical Device Fabrication.